“Parkinson’s Disease” or "Shaking palsy" was described 200 years ago by James Parkinson. It is basically an adult-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Hallmark features of tremor, stiffness, postural instability and slowness of movement or speed are traditionally considered a motor system disorder, however PD is now recognized to be a complex disorder involving a wide range of nonmotor manifestations such as dementia, depression, sleep disorders, anxiety etc that contribute to disability.
Why does PD occur?
Predominately the dopamine-producing cells in a specific area of the brain called substantia nigra get affected. It is a complex condition that affects people differently. Scientists believe a combination of genetic and environmental factors are the cause, although the exact aetiology remains largely unknown. Data shows that genetic mutations, may be linked to the disease. Additionally, exposure to specific toxins such as MPTP (neurotoxin) or manganese may cause Parkinsonian symptoms in genetically susceptible individuals.
What are the risk factors for PD?
This condition affects around 10 million people globally every year, according to research. Mainly affects persons aged 60 and over with more predominance in men. People with strong family history are also more prone to PD. Some people with toxin exposure such as pesticides, solvents, metals, and other pollutants can be affected more.
How is PD diagnosed?
Diagnosing PD can be challenging due to the lack of a single definitive test. Typically, a neurologist will diagnose the condition based on a comprehensive review of symptoms and a detailed neurological examination. Dopamine transporter (DaT) scans can aid in confirming the diagnosis by visualizing the brain's dopamine system.
What are the treatment options for PD?
Parkinson's treatment aims to slow the disease's progression. Medication options include levodopa, a chemical converted to dopamine in the brain. Other medications include MAO-B inhibitors, COMT inhibitors, anticholinergics, and amantadine, each targeting different aspects of the disease process.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is another promising option for selected Parkinson's patients. DBS involves implanting electrodes in specific areas of the brain to deliver electrical pulses and alleviate symptoms like tremors, rigidity, stiffness, and movement difficulties.
With ongoing research delving deeper into the causes of Parkinson's disease, the future holds promise for improved diagnosis, treatment options, and potentially, even prevention strategies. This improved understanding can empower individuals and their families to face the challenges of the disease with a renewed sense of hope.
As one of the best hospital for neurology, we have a comprehensive care for brain and nervous system with the team of acclaimed neurologists. For clearing any doubts, you may consult our neurology / palliative care consultants or call 022 6766 8181 or 022 4510 8181.
